A ceremony in Maribor’s central square, Trg Leona Štuklja, will officially turn Slovenia’s second largest city into the European Culture Capital 2012 on Saturday. The opening will also end months of agony in which organisers, pressured by financial and time constraints, struggled to live up to the high expectations.
Maribor, helped by five other partner cities, will be the first Slovenian city to host the culture capital project, which began in 1985 with Athens as the first bearer of the title.
A brainchild of former Greek Culture Minister Melina Mercouri (1920-1994), the concept seeks to promote the richness and diversity of European culture, and encourage mutual understanding and a shared European identity.
It has proved to be a strong tool for cultural development, changing cities by promoting local artists to the international public while also boosting local attendance of cultural events.
With the listed social criteria becoming ever more important in the selection of cities for the project – the other host this year is Portugal’s Guimaraes – the programming director of Maribor’s project since October 2010, Mitja Čander, recently said that culture capitals were no longer about stars but about how to engage the city and its people.
Economic aspects also play an important role. European Culture Commissioner Andrula Vasiliu has told the STA that some cities estimate that they received 8 euros in return for every euro invested. The number of overnight stays in the city increases by 12% on average.
The project also generates more attention for culture on the part of the media and politics, which is connected to money and often leads to cultural ambitions becoming diluted by politics.
Maribor turned out a case in point, as a lot of time that should have been spent on concrete preparations was wasted on who and how should run the project (and distribute funds).
The budgets of cultural capital cities, which can get EUR 1.5m in funds from the EU while the rest is provided by the municipalities and government, have varied greatly in the past, from EUR 5.5m for the programme in Reykjavik to EUR 58.6 in Lille; the average stands at around EUR 25m.
The programme in Maribor is estimated at around EUR 16m. “This is lavish funding, especially in these times of crisis,” the head of Ljubljana’s Cankarjev dom arts centre Mitja Rotovnik recently asserted.
However, Maribor is at the bottom of the list in terms of investments in cultural infrastructure, failing to follow the example of most other host cities, which made sure that the project would also leave a lasting mark in that respect.
Examples of such projects include the Kunsthaus and the Island in the Mur in Graz, Casa da Musica in Porto and Concertgebouw in Bruges, while expenditure for this purpose has ranged between EUR 7.8m in Bologna and EUR 233m in Thessaloniki.
In Slovenia, cultural capital investments in infrastructure include a renovation of the Park theatre in Murska Sobota, of the birth house of Hugo Wolf in Slovenj Gradec and of the Anton Podbevšek Theatre in Novo mesto. Additional projects, also to be funded with EUR 22m from the government, were planned but scrapped in the end.
Slovenia was picked for the project along with Portugal by the European parliament in 2005, with bids later filed by Ljubljana, Celje, and the coastal towns of Koper, Izola and Piran, as well as by Maribor in the company of the partner towns of Ptuj, Murska Sobota, Velenje, Slovenj Gradec and Novo mesto.
According to the architect of the Maribor initiative, Peter Tomaž Dobrila, the bid succeed because of the concept of the “networking” of six cities and the attempt to culturally awaken the east of the country, considered underdeveloped.
However, this very concept proved problematic once preparations got under way, as the partner municipalities felt neglected by Maribor and the latter by the Ljubljana-based government.
The project was perceived as overly ambitious – including by the commission in Brussels – from the very start, with EUR 50m planned for the programme and EUR 150m for investments in 2007 when the bid was filed and selected, which in turn led to extremely high expectations on the part of artists and the public.
The crisis led to a sober awakening and to the budged being cut down to EUR 16.5m for the programme, which consists of 412 projects divided into four segments.
“Terminal 12″ will feature flagship artistic projects, “Keys to the City” will be dedicated to reviving the Maribor city centre, “Urban Furrows” will focus on the environment and marginalised groups, while “Life and Touch” provides a digital dimension.
Maribor and Guimaraes, where the project will officially be launched on 21 January, were preceded by Turku in Tallinn, while it will be Marseille’s and Košice’s turn next year.